{"id":33134,"date":"2025-10-19T13:46:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-19T10:46:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/?p=33134"},"modified":"2025-10-19T13:46:58","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T10:46:58","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/?p=33134","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 : \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0648 .. \u0636\u0641\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 .<br \/>( \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0648 ) ( 1661 \u2013 1707 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c . \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 ( \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0648 ) . \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 ( \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648 ) ( 1644 \u2013 1694 ) . \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 , \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 . \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 . \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 1692 \u2013 1694 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 ( \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 ) . \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 ) . \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a .<br \/>( 1 ) <br \/>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u0641\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631<br \/>\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u2013<br \/>\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d , \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627<br \/>***<br \/>( 2 )<br \/>\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 <br \/>\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632<br \/>***<br \/>( 3 ) <br \/>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632 <br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0631\u0627\u0646<br \/>\u0643\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0648 *<br \/>***<br \/>( 4 ) <br \/>\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 **<br \/>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645<br \/>\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f<br \/>***<br \/>( 5 ) <br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636<br \/>\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647<br \/>\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<br \/>***<br \/>( 6 )<br \/>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627<br \/>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629<br \/>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644<br \/>***<br \/>( 7 ) <br \/>\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a<br \/>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630 <br \/>***<br \/>( 8 )<br \/>\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621<br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621<br \/>\u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639<br \/>***<br \/>( 9 )<br \/>\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0643\u0639<br \/>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627<br \/>\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 10 )<br \/>\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0629<br \/>\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647<br \/>***<br \/>( 11 )<br \/>\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0638<br \/>\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0644<br \/>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627<br \/>***<br \/>( 12 ) <br \/>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d<br \/>\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621<br \/>\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0642<br \/>* \u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0648 : \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a ( \u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 ) . \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 . \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 . <br \/>** \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 : \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 . \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1657 , \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631. <br \/>*******<br \/>. .. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0638\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062c\u0648<br \/>( \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062c\u0648 ) ( 1893 \u2013 1976 ) : \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 . \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a ( \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a ) \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 ( \u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 ) , \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a ( \u0646\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 ) , \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 ( \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0634\u0647\u064a ) . \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 ( \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 ) . \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 ( \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 ) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628 , \u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( \u0646\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 ) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 . \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 ( \u0647\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0633\u0648 ) \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 . \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f ( \u0634\u064a\u0646\u0648 ) . \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0633 ) . \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 ( \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 1953 ) \u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1947 ) . \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 . <br \/>( 1 ) <br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631<br \/>\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a<br \/>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644<br \/>***<br \/>( 2 ) <br \/>* \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a <br \/>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a <br \/>\u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 3 ) <br \/>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0633 <br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629<br \/>\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643<br \/>***<br \/>( 4 )<br \/>\u063a\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a &#8230;<br \/>\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 <br \/>***<br \/>( 5 ) <br \/>\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639<br \/>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631<br \/>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c<br \/>***<br \/>( 6 ) <br \/>\u062a\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d<br \/>\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a<br \/>\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 7 )<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644<br \/>\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647<br \/>***<br \/>( 8 )<br \/>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0627<br \/>\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0643<br \/>\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 <br \/>***<br \/>( 9 ) <br \/>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<br \/>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639<br \/>***<br \/>( 10 )<br \/>\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0642\u0629 <br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a <br \/>\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<br \/>* \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a : \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 , \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a , \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 , \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a .<br \/>******* <br \/>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0648 .. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 .<br \/>( \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0648 ) ( 1899 \u2013 1992 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f . \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 ( \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917 . \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 ( \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0627 ) \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 . \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 ( \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a ) \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 . \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 ( \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062c\u0648 ) \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644 ( \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 ) . \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 . \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0648 , \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648 , \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627 , \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a ) . \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 ( \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 ) 1961 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 ( \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648 ) 1962 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 ( \u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 ) 1992 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 1975 . <br \/>( 1 )<br \/>\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627<br \/>\u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629<br \/>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 <br \/>***<br \/>( 2 ) <br \/>\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0644<br \/>\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0632 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 <br \/>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0632 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 <br \/>***<br \/>( 3 ) <br \/>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621<br \/>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 <br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a <br \/>***<br \/>( 4 )<br \/>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0631 <br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631 &#8211;<br \/>\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645<br \/>***<br \/>( 5 )<br \/>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<br \/>\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 <br \/>\u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<br \/>***<br \/>( 6 ) <br \/>\u0645\u0635 \u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a <br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0645\u064a<br \/>\u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629<br \/>******* <br \/>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648 .. \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 . <br \/>( \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648 ) ( 1875 \u2013 1943 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0627 . \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644 ( 12 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 . \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f ( \u0647\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062c\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0647\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a ) \u0648 ( \u0646\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648 ) \u0648 ( \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0648 ) \u0648 ( \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0648 ) \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 . \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f ( \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a ) \u0648 ( \u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0648 ) . \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628 ( \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u064a ) . \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644 23 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f ( \u0647\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a ) . <br \/>( 1 ) <br \/>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627<br \/>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629<br \/>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627<br \/>***<br \/>( 2 )<br \/>\u0641\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0647 <br \/>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627 <br \/>***<br \/>( 3 )<br \/>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a<br \/>\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 <br \/>\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627 <br \/>***<br \/>( 4 ) <br \/>\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639<br \/>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<br \/>\u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d<br \/>*******<br \/>. \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d .. \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 : \u0623\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627<br \/>( \u0623\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 ) ( 1718 \u2013 1787 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 ( \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 ) , \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644 18 . \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 . \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f ( \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 ) , \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0644 ( \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a ) \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1740. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 . \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 ( 3000 ) \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f . \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 ( \u0634\u064a\u062a\u0648 ) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 . \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 ( \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648 ) . \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a .<br \/>( 1 ) <br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d<br \/>\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062c\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 2 ) <br \/>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 ,<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 <br \/>\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636<br \/>***<br \/>( 3 ) <br \/>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 <br \/>\u0643\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 <br \/>\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 4 ) <br \/>\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0621<br \/>\u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 <br \/>\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631<br \/>***<br \/>( 5 ) <br \/>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0627\u062f<br \/>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0649\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 <br \/>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 <br \/>***<br \/>( 6 ) <br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<br \/>\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628<br \/>\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627 <br \/>***<br \/>( 7 ) <br \/>\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<br \/>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a <br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621<br \/>***<br \/>( 8 ) <br \/>\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644<br \/>\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631<br \/>***<br \/>( 9 ) <br \/>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<br \/>\u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0632<br \/>\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637<br \/>***<br \/>( 10 ) <br \/>\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<br \/>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631<br \/>\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627<br \/>***<br \/>( 11 )<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0628<br \/>\u064a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631 <br \/>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 12 )<br \/>\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<br \/>\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631<br \/>******* <br \/>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627 : \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0648 .. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0628 . <br \/>( \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0648 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a . \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a ( \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0648 ) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 . \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( \u0643\u064a\u064a\u0648 ) . \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 ( \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 ) . \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 , \u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 2009 ) . \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 ( \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 ) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 .<br \/>( 1 )<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0628<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 *<br \/>***<br \/>( 2 ) <br \/>\u0645\u0639\u0627 , \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u063a\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<br \/>\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0643\u0639\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<br \/>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 <br \/>***<br \/>( 3 ) <br \/>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a ** &#8211;<br \/>\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 <br \/>***<br \/>( 4 ) <br \/>\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<br \/>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a <br \/>\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0632\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 <br \/>. \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a * <br \/>** \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a : \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 ( 361 , 1 \u0643\u063a\u0645 ) , \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 , \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 .<br \/>*******<br \/>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u063a\u064a .. \u062a\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d . <br \/>( \u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u063a\u064a ) ( 1709 \u2013 1771 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 ( \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 ) . \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 ( \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 ) ( 1716 \u2013 1784 ) , \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648 . \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644 ( 40 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f ( \u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u2013 \u062c\u064a ) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648 , \u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0643 ( \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 ) . \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f ( \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a ) \u0641\u064a ( \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648 ) . \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 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\/>***<br \/>( 5 ) <br \/>\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<br \/>\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u063a\u064a<br \/>***<br \/>( 6 )<br \/>\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0644<br \/>\u0630\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 <br \/>***<br \/>( 7 ) <br \/>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u0627 <br \/>\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648<br \/>\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648 , 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\/>\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0637\u0631\u0629<br \/>***<br \/>( 12 ) <br \/>\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 <br \/>\u0623\u0635\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0649<br \/>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u062f <br \/>***<br \/>( 13 )<br \/>\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c<br \/>\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 ***<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a <br \/>***<br \/>( 14 )<br \/>\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629<br \/>\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<br \/>. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648 , \u0627\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0646\u0648 \u2013 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 *<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0643\u0629 : \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 . \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 ** <br \/>*** \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u064a ( \u0646\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0648 ) : \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0645\u0631 . \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639<br \/>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631 <br \/>***<br \/>( 10 ) <br \/>\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0636\u0627\u0644 &#8211;<br \/>\u0648 \u0623\u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 <br \/>\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0628<br \/>******<br \/>\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 : \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0648 .. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a . <br \/>( \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0648 ) ( 1904 \u2013 1982 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f ( \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0627 \u2013 \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064a \u2013 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 ( \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 1926 \u2013 1989 ) . \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627 \u0644 ( \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648 1879 \u2013 1951 ) . \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 1953 . \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 ( \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0648) 1973 \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 . \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a 1948 ) . \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<br \/>( 1 ) <br \/>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a<br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0642<br \/>\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a <br \/>***<br \/>( 2 )<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641<br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<br \/>\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 <br \/>***<br \/>( 3 ) <br \/>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0639<br \/>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0632<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 <br \/>***<br \/>( 4 )<br \/>\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644<br \/>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d<br \/>\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631<br \/>* \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 ) : \u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 , \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 .<br \/>****** <br \/>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 : \u0634\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648 .. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629 . <br \/>( \u0634\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648 ) ( 2 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1905 \u2013 3 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1993 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 ( \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 ( \u0627\u064a\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648 ) \u0648 ( \u0646\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0648 ) . \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 . \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 ( \u0634\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627 ) . \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939 . \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 ( \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0627\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 ) . \u0643\u062a\u0628 : ( \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 , \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 , \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 &#8230; ) . \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a .<br \/>( 1 ) <br \/>\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629<br \/>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a <br \/>***<br \/>( 2 ) <br \/>\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0644\u0629<br \/>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<br \/>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0646\u064a <br \/>***<br \/>( 3 )<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628<br \/>\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 <br \/>***<br \/>( 4 ) <br \/>\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d<br \/>\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 <br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a <br \/>***<br \/>( 5 ) <br \/>\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<br \/>\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a<br \/>\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>&#8211; \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 . <br \/>1 \u2013 Enomoto Kikaku . https : \/\/ haikutopics . blogspot . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Haiku by Kikaku I In Translation . https : \/\/ intranslation . brooklynrail . org <br \/>3 \u2013 Haiku Masters . https : \/\/ www . world \u2013 in \u2013 words . com<br \/>4 \u2013 Water Reflection by Takaku Kikaku . https : \/\/ fromtroublesofthisworld . wordpress . com<br \/>5 \u2013 Enomoto Kikaku . https : \/\/ haiku427 . rssing . com<br \/>*******<br \/>1 \u2013 Suju Takano I Red Dragonfly . https : \/\/ haikuproject . wordpress . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Today\u2019s Haiku ( September 4 , 2020 ) . https : \/\/ fayaoyagi . wordpress . com <br \/>3 \u2013 Suju Takano , https : \/\/ www . babelio . com<br \/>4 \u2013 Tag : Takano Suju . https : \/\/ www . lucacenisi . net<br \/>5 \u2013 Suju Takano . https : \/\/ www . big . jp<br \/>******<br \/>1 \u2013 Seiho , Awano \u2013 The Living Haiku Anthology . https : \/\/ livinghaikuanthology . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Awano Seiho \u2013 Introducing Haiku Poets and Topics \u2026 . WKD . https : \/\/ wkdhaikutopics . logapot . com<br \/>3 \u2013 water moves , a haiku by Sheiho Awano \/ Blue Willow Haiku World . https : \/\/ donnafleischer . wordpress . com<br \/>*******<br \/>1 \u2013 Otani Kubutsu haiku I Matsumoto Shoeido &#8211; \u2026 . https : \/\/ www . matsumoto \u2013 shoeido . jp<br \/>2 \u2013 Interreligious Hospitality : The Fulfillment of Dialogue . https : \/\/ books . google . iq <br \/>3 \u2013 Haiku about child \u2013 Buddha . http : \/\/ www . antoniosiber . org<br \/>******<br \/>1 \u2013 Translating Haiku . https : \/\/ happyhaiku . blogspot . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Oshima Ryota haiku . https : \/\/ breathhaiku . wordpress . com<br \/>3 \u2013 Haiku on Twitter : \u201c Sunset is like a letter read many times \u2026 . https : \/\/ twitter . com <br \/>4 \u2013 Oshima Ryota \u2013 Poems . https : \/\/ thepoetryhour . com<br \/>5 \u2013 Review \u2013 Japanese Dearth Poems . https : \/\/ bookdonasia . net<br \/>*******<br \/>1 \u2013 Inao Ito \u2013 Wikipe . wihi . https : \/\/ www . wikipe. Wiki <br \/>2 \u2013 Today\u2019s Haiku ( June 11 . 2013 ) I Blue Willow Haiku World ( by Fay \u2026. . https : \/\/ fayaoyagi . wordpress . com<br \/>3 \u2013 Toda\u2019s Haiku ( December 25 , 2021 ) . https : \/\/ fayaoyagi . wordpress . com <br \/>4 \u2013 Favorit Haiku I Shiteki Na Usagi . https : \/\/ tasmith 1122 .wordpress . com<br \/>5 \u2013 Blue Willow Haiku World , https : \/\/ fayaoyagi . wordpress . com<br \/>******<br \/>1 \u2013 Tan Taigi \u2013 Introducing Haiku Poets and Topics \u2026 . https : \/\/ wkdhaikutopics . blogspot . com <br \/>2 \u2013 Haiku about loneliness . http : \/\/ www . antoniosiber . org <br \/>3 \u2013 Tan Taigi Archives \u2013 The Haiku Foundation . https : \/\/ thehaikufoundation .org<br \/>4 \u2013 Haiku Masters : : . https : \/\/ www . world \u2013 in \u2013 words . com<br \/>5 \u2013 naviarhaiku 539 \u2013 The cormorant in the forest . https : \/\/ www . naviarrecords . com <br \/>*******<br \/>1 \u2013 Best Dakotsu Iida Quotes I Love Expands . https : \/\/ loveexpands . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Dakotsu Iida I Haiku 54 I D\u2019s Poetry by Divvya Nirula . https : \/\/ dsarttakes . com<br \/>3 \u2013 Dakotsu Iida \u2013 Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias . https : \/\/ en . academic . com <br \/>4 \u2013 Winter Haiku . https : \/\/ poetryispretentious . com<br \/>5 \u2013 Today\u2019s Haiku \u2013 January 31 , 2024 , https : \/\/ fayaoagi . wordpress xom<br \/>6 \u2013 Today\u2019s Haiku \u2013 August 11 , 2024 , https : \/\/ fayaoagi . wordpress . com<br \/>*******<br \/>1 \u2013 Rinka Ono I breath , a collection of haiku \u2013 Word Press . com . https : \/\/ breathhaiku . wordpress . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Asura\u2019s Haiku on Twitter : \u201c early summer rain one lamp guarding the \u2026 . https : \/\/ twitter . com<br \/>*******<br \/>1 \u2013 Shuson Kato Haiku Poetry \u2013 Poem of Quotes . com . https : \/\/ www . poemofquotes . com<br \/>2 \u2013 Modern Japanese Haiku : An Anthology on JSTOR . https : \/\/ www . jstor . org <br \/>3 \u2013 Kato Shuson \u2013 Introducing Haiku Poets and Topics \u2026. WKD . https : \/\/ wkdhaikutopics . blogspot . com<br \/>4 \u2013 Shuson Kato I The Poetry Place . https : \/\/ thepoetryplace . wordpress . com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 : \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0648 .. \u0636\u0641\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 .( \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0648 ) ( 1661 \u2013 1707 ) : \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category---ar"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/basrayatha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/DY.jpg?fit=450%2C322&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33134"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33136,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33134\/revisions\/33136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/basrayatha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}